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HTML CreatorMOCK TEST - 4 - Verbal Ability & Reading Comprehension (VARC Section)
Verbal Ability & Reading Comprehension (VARC) is one of the section of CAT exam along with Quantitative Aptitude and Data Interpretation and Logical Reasoning. Practice tests help aspirants to prepare for the exams.
Verbal Ability & Reading Comprehension determines the candidates ability to read, understand and answer questions of a language.
Maximum Time for this section: 40 : 00 (Minutes : Seconds)
Total number of Questions: 71
Total number of MCQ's Questions: 52
Total Number of Non-MCQ's (TITA) Questions: 19
Total number Quantitative Ability (QA) Questions: 24
Total number Quantitative Ability (QA) MCQ's Questions: 15
Total number Quantitative Ability (QA) non-MCQ's (TITA) Questions: 09
Total number Data Interpretation and Logical Reasoning (DILR) Questions: 22
Total number Data Interpretation and Logical Reasoning (DILR) MCQ's Questions: 17
Total number Data Interpretation and Logical Reasoning (DILR) non-MCQ's (TITA) Questions: 05
Total number Verbal Ability & Reading Comprehension (VARC) Questions: 25
Total number Verbal Ability & Reading Comprehension (VARC) MCQ's Questions: 20
Total number Verbal Ability & Reading Comprehension (VARC) non-MCQ's (TITA) Questions: 05
Maximum Time: 40 : 00 (Minutes : Seconds) per section
Note-1: Use of simple calculator is allowed.
Note-2: Not allowed to change section once selected.
Directions (for questions 1 to 4): Choose the option in which the combinations are logically related where each question contains six statements, followed by four options of combinations of any three of the given sentences.
(A) All Humanitarian eat flesh.
(B) All those who eat flesh are carnivorous.
(C) All those who eat plants are herbivorous.
(D) All those who eat flesh are Humanitarian.
(E) All Humanitarian are carnivorous.
(F) Humanitarian live on earth.
Options:
Option (a): DEA
Option (b): BCF
Option (c): DBA
Option (d): AEF
Option (b): BCF
Directions (for questions 1 to 4): Choose the option in which the combinations are logically related where each question contains six statements, followed by four options of combinations of any three of the given sentences.
(A) All plants have fruits.
(B) All animals live on land.
(C) All plants have flowers.
(D) All animals have signs of life.
(E) All plants have signs of life.
(F) All plants and animals are part of ecosystem.
Options:
Option (a): BDE
Option (b): AFD
Option (c): DEF
Option (d): ADF
Option (c): DEF
Directions (for questions 1 to 4): Choose the option in which the combinations are logically related where each question contains six statements, followed by four options of combinations of any three of the given sentences.
(A) No autumn is a season
(B) Some seasons are autumn.
(C) No autumn are not summer.
(D) No seasons are summer.
(E) Some seasons are summer.
(F) All autumn are summer.
Options:
Option (a): ACF
Option (b): ADF
Option (c): BDF
Option (d): CEF
Option (b): ADF
Directions (for questions 1 to 4): Choose the option in which the combinations are logically related where each question contains six statements, followed by four options of combinations of any three of the given sentences.
(A) Some raptors fly high.
(B) All raptors need fuel.
(C) All raptors are planes.
(D) All planes are yellow.
(E) All planes are thirsty.
(F) No raptors are yellow
Options:
Option (a): BDE
Option (b): ABF
Option (c): CDF
Option (d): DEF
Option (b): ABF
Directions (for questions 5 and 6): Read the passage. Then answer the questions below.
When we come across the word Square it immediately gets related with our experience and has some resemblance with the geometric figure named as square. Though in simple teams, squaring is a process of multiplying the same number to itself, but when we talk about the geometrical figure square, there also we find the same result for the value of area, which is obtained by multiplying the value of side to itself. The reference of this word we find in several geometrical theorems and during ancient times it was used even in ‘Sulva Sutras’. Bodhayan and Pythagoras have established the relationship between the sides of any right angled triangle, where again the notion of square was used by them to find the values. Such paraphrasing of this word square make the meaning somehow clear, where at every place, a number is multiplied to itself to find the square value. But if we look back to trace the process of emergence of this particular idea of multiplying a number to itself, it seems that with the introduction of operation of multiplication, the primitive people also used most likely the concept of square. Neolithic people though have not left any concrete evidences their acquaintance either with arithmetic or geometry, but their drawings and design patterns of some structures some sort of congruence and symmetry. They were probably aware about the fact that sums of consecutive odd numbers beginning unity are perfect squares.
Now we illustrate “Duplex Method” to find square value which is suitable to all numbers and before finding the square first we find Duplex for different numbers of one digit, two digits, three digits, four digits etc., and denote in general Duplex of any number by D.
The first one is by squaring; and the second one is by cross- multiplication. In the present context, it is used in both senses (a² and 2ab). In the case of a single central digit, the square is meant; and in the case of an even number of digits equidistant from the two ends, double the cross-product is meant.
To find the square of a fractional (decimal) number, we square the number without looking at decimal. After that we count the number of digits after the decimal in the original value. In the squared value, we place the decimal after double the number of digits after decimal in the original value.
If there are n digits in a number, the square will have either 2n or 2n-l digits and participation of digits follows the same systematic pattern as in multiplication.
Example: 46325²
= D of 4 | D of 46 | D of 463 | D of 4632 | D of 46325 | D of 6325 | D of 325 | D of 25 | D of 5
Let d = digit, 46325 = d₄ = 4, d₃ = 6, d₂ = 3, d₁ = 2, d₀ = 5.
= (d₄ x d₄)
| (d₄ x d₃) + (d₄ x d₃)
| (d₄ x d₂) + (d₄ x d₂) + (d₃ x d₃)
| (d₄ x d₁) + (d₄ x d₁) + (d₃ x d₂) + (d₃ x d₂)
| (d₄ x d₀) + (d₄ x d₀) + (d₃ x d₁) + (d₃ x d₁) + (d₂ x d₂)
| (d₃ x d₀) + (d₃ x d₀) + (d₂ x d₁) + (d₂ x d₁)
| (d₂ x d₀) + (d₂ x d₀) + (d₁ x d₁)
| (d₁ x d₀) + (d₁ x d₀)
| (d₀ x d₀)
Replacing the values of d₀, d₁, d₂, d₃ and d₄, upon solving.
= (4 x 4) | (4 x 6) + (4 x 6)
| (4 x 3) + (4 x 3) + (6 x 6)
| (4 x 2) + (4 x 2) + (6 x 3) + (6 x 3)
| (4 x 5) + (4 x 5) + (6 x 2) + (6 x 2) + (3 x 3)
| (6 x 5) + (6 x 5) + (3 x 2) + (3 x 2)
| (3 x 5) + (3 x 5) + (2 x 2) | (2 x 5) + (2 x 5)
| (5 x 5)
= 16 | 24 + 24 | 12 + 12 + 36 | 8 + 8 + 18 + 18 | 20 + 20 + 12 + 12 +9 | 30 + 30 + 6 + 6 | 15 + 15 + 4 | 10 + 10 | 25
= 16 | 48 | 60 | 52 | 73 | 72 | 34 | 20 | 25
Starting from the extreme right block, except unit digit shift the remaining digits to the left block. Repeat the process.
= 16 | 48 | 60 | 52 | 73 | 72 | 34 | (20 + 2) | 5
= 16 | 48 | 60 | 52 | 73 | 72 | 34 | 22 | 5
= 16 | 48 | 60 | 52 | 73 | 72 | (34 + 2) | 25
= 16 | 48 | 60 | 52 | 73 | 72 | 36 | 25
= 16 | 48 | 60 | 52 | 73 | (72 + 3) | 625
= 16 | 48 | 60 | 52 | (73 + 7) | 5625
= 16 | 48 | 60 | 52 | 80 | 5625
= 16 | 48 | 60 | (52 + 8) | 05625
= 16 | 48 | 60 | 60 | 05625
= 16 | 48 | (60 + 6) | 005625
= 16 | 48 | 66 | 005625
= 16 | (48 + 6) | 6005625
= 16 | 54 | 6005625
= (16 + 5) | 46005625
= 2146005625
"Squaring is a process of multiplying the same number to itself." According to the passage How is it related with the Geometrical figure square.
Options:
Option (a): When it comes to geometric figure square is obtained by multiplying the value of side to itself, thus related to square.
Option (b): Geometric Figure Square has four sides of equal length.
Option (c): Diagonal of a geometric figure square is the product of square root of 2 and side.
Option (d): None of these.
Option (a): When it comes to geometric figure square is obtained by multiplying the value of side to itself, thus related to square.
Directions (for questions 5 and 6): Read the passage. Then answer the questions below.
When we come across the word Square it immediately gets related with our experience and has some resemblance with the geometric figure named as square. Though in simple teams, squaring is a process of multiplying the same number to itself, but when we talk about the geometrical figure square, there also we find the same result for the value of area, which is obtained by multiplying the value of side to itself. The reference of this word we find in several geometrical theorems and during ancient times it was used even in ‘Sulva Sutras’. Bodhayan and Pythagoras have established the relationship between the sides of any right angled triangle, where again the notion of square was used by them to find the values. Such paraphrasing of this word square make the meaning somehow clear, where at every place, a number is multiplied to itself to find the square value. But if we look back to trace the process of emergence of this particular idea of multiplying a number to itself, it seems that with the introduction of operation of multiplication, the primitive people also used most likely the concept of square. Neolithic people though have not left any concrete evidences their acquaintance either with arithmetic or geometry, but their drawings and design patterns of some structures some sort of congruence and symmetry. They were probably aware about the fact that sums of consecutive odd numbers beginning unity are perfect squares.
Now we illustrate “Duplex Method” to find square value which is suitable to all numbers and before finding the square first we find Duplex for different numbers of one digit, two digits, three digits, four digits etc., and denote in general Duplex of any number by D.
The first one is by squaring; and the second one is by cross- multiplication. In the present context, it is used in both senses (a² and 2ab). In the case of a single central digit, the square is meant; and in the case of an even number of digits equidistant from the two ends, double the cross-product is meant.
To find the square of a fractional (decimal) number, we square the number without looking at decimal. After that we count the number of digits after the decimal in the original value. In the squared value, we place the decimal after double the number of digits after decimal in the original value.
If there are n digits in a number, the square will have either 2n or 2n-l digits and participation of digits follows the same systematic pattern as in multiplication.
Example: 46325²
= D of 4 | D of 46 | D of 463 | D of 4632 | D of 46325 | D of 6325 | D of 325 | D of 25 | D of 5
Let d = digit, 46325 = d₄ = 4, d₃ = 6, d₂ = 3, d₁ = 2, d₀ = 5.
= (d₄ x d₄)
| (d₄ x d₃) + (d₄ x d₃)
| (d₄ x d₂) + (d₄ x d₂) + (d₃ x d₃)
| (d₄ x d₁) + (d₄ x d₁) + (d₃ x d₂) + (d₃ x d₂)
| (d₄ x d₀) + (d₄ x d₀) + (d₃ x d₁) + (d₃ x d₁) + (d₂ x d₂)
| (d₃ x d₀) + (d₃ x d₀) + (d₂ x d₁) + (d₂ x d₁)
| (d₂ x d₀) + (d₂ x d₀) + (d₁ x d₁)
| (d₁ x d₀) + (d₁ x d₀)
| (d₀ x d₀)
Replacing the values of d₀, d₁, d₂, d₃ and d₄, upon solving.
= (4 x 4) | (4 x 6) + (4 x 6)
| (4 x 3) + (4 x 3) + (6 x 6)
| (4 x 2) + (4 x 2) + (6 x 3) + (6 x 3)
| (4 x 5) + (4 x 5) + (6 x 2) + (6 x 2) + (3 x 3)
| (6 x 5) + (6 x 5) + (3 x 2) + (3 x 2)
| (3 x 5) + (3 x 5) + (2 x 2) | (2 x 5) + (2 x 5)
| (5 x 5)
= 16 | 24 + 24 | 12 + 12 + 36 | 8 + 8 + 18 + 18 | 20 + 20 + 12 + 12 +9 | 30 + 30 + 6 + 6 | 15 + 15 + 4 | 10 + 10 | 25
= 16 | 48 | 60 | 52 | 73 | 72 | 34 | 20 | 25
Starting from the extreme right block, except unit digit shift the remaining digits to the left block. Repeat the process.
= 16 | 48 | 60 | 52 | 73 | 72 | 34 | (20 + 2) | 5
= 16 | 48 | 60 | 52 | 73 | 72 | 34 | 22 | 5
= 16 | 48 | 60 | 52 | 73 | 72 | (34 + 2) | 25
= 16 | 48 | 60 | 52 | 73 | 72 | 36 | 25
= 16 | 48 | 60 | 52 | 73 | (72 + 3) | 625
= 16 | 48 | 60 | 52 | (73 + 7) | 5625
= 16 | 48 | 60 | 52 | 80 | 5625
= 16 | 48 | 60 | (52 + 8) | 05625
= 16 | 48 | 60 | 60 | 05625
= 16 | 48 | (60 + 6) | 005625
= 16 | 48 | 66 | 005625
= 16 | (48 + 6) | 6005625
= 16 | 54 | 6005625
= (16 + 5) | 46005625
= 2146005625
Closest synonym for the word "Symmetry" of paragraph 1 according to this article is.
Options:
Option (a): similarity.
Option (b): rhythm.
Option (c): harmony.
Option (d): equilibrium.
Option (a): similarity.
Pick the odd-one-out from the options:
Options:
Option (a): Goa.
Option (b): India.
Option (c): Telangana.
Option (d): Uttarakhand.
Option (b): India.
Directions (for questions 8 to 12): Read the passage below and answer the questions based on it.
The firm and its managers have to develop their ability to compete effectively not only to grow but also to survive. It is only under the pressure of competition that a firm would try to improve its product and raise its productivity. Competition itself is not static but is profoundly dynamic in character. To gain a competitive advantage, firms very often add distinct product varieties, adopt multiple distribution channels and cater to several different types of customers. Markets are segmented according to their differing needs and an attempt is made to satisfy those needs. An unadvertised basic shirt and a designer shirt like Charagh Din are both shirts but are sold to buyers with very different criteria.
Firms can develop a competitive advantage to serve a segment that they are capable of serving. In general, the advantage can be acquired or developed either in the form of lower costs or through differentiation of products that command premium prices. Tea City provides an example how premium prices can be charged for a common place product like tea. Hindustan Leaver's Surf competes not on the basis of price but on the basis of non-price factors. Firms can gain and sustain competitive advantage by constant upgradation and improvement of their products. Manufacturers in Ludhiana and Japan have one point of similarity. Both of them have ability to dismantle a product and duplicate it effectively. The similarity ends here. While Ludhiana will continue to produce exact duplicates, Japanese manufacturers will try to improve upon the product. Japanese automakers invaded the US market on the basis of their compact cars and captured about thirty per cent of the US automobile market. But when compelled by the USA to voluntarily restrict their car exports and to overcome the disadvantage of an appreciating Yen, they tried to upgrade their cars and added value to them and thus prevented a decline in the dollar value of their automobile exports.
If your product is better, you can improve your market share even when there is an overall decline in industry demand. Take the case of two wheelers in India. While the overall industry demand has declined, Bajaj Auto increased its share from 60 per cent in 1990 to 64 per cent in 1991 and Kinetic Honda has increased its share from 8 per cent to 11 per cent. But with the advent of new models to target every niche by its competitors, Bajaj Auto continuously witnessed a decline in its market share.
Existence of intense rivalry among the various firms is the most important factor leading to a continuous improvement in products. Intense rivalry causes the various rival firms to improve and innovate. They push each other to lower costs, improve quality and service and create new products and processes. Keen competition between various firms may lead to closure of some but those who remain would be strong survivors capable of defending themselves against foreign competitors and competing with them in their
home ground. This is what happened in Japan. While external competition was not allowed, there was no holds barred for internal competition. Japanese companies tried their best to out do each other and in the process improved themselves.
The advent and growth of financial journalism which publishes regularly success stories also induces the managers to excel each other and feel a sense of pride in the publication of news about them and their firms. The financial journals also conducted and publish analysis about the various firms in a particular industry and naturally the major players in that particular industry will not like to be unfavourably Commented upon.
Which of the following cannot be inferred from the passage?
Options:
Option (a): Managerial Challenges for the Firm and its Managers.
Option (b): Firms in foreign countries.
Option (c): Better products in Firms.
Option (d): Better Managers in Firms.
Option (a): Managerial Challenges for the Firm and its Managers.
Directions (for questions 8 to 12): Read the passage below and answer the questions based on it.
The firm and its managers have to develop their ability to compete effectively not only to grow but also to survive. It is only under the pressure of competition that a firm would try to improve its product and raise its productivity. Competition itself is not static but is profoundly dynamic in character. To gain a competitive advantage, firms very often add distinct product varieties, adopt multiple distribution channels and cater to several different types of customers. Markets are segmented according to their differing needs and an attempt is made to satisfy those needs. An unadvertised basic shirt and a designer shirt like Charagh Din are both shirts but are sold to buyers with very different criteria.
Firms can develop a competitive advantage to serve a segment that they are capable of serving. In general, the advantage can be acquired or developed either in the form of lower costs or through differentiation of products that command premium prices. Tea City provides an example how premium prices can be charged for a common place product like tea. Hindustan Leaver's Surf competes not on the basis of price but on the basis of non-price factors. Firms can gain and sustain competitive advantage by constant upgradation and improvement of their products. Manufacturers in Ludhiana and Japan have one point of similarity. Both of them have ability to dismantle a product and duplicate it effectively. The similarity ends here. While Ludhiana will continue to produce exact duplicates, Japanese manufacturers will try to improve upon the product. Japanese automakers invaded the US market on the basis of their compact cars and captured about thirty per cent of the US automobile market. But when compelled by the USA to voluntarily restrict their car exports and to overcome the disadvantage of an appreciating Yen, they tried to upgrade their cars and added value to them and thus prevented a decline in the dollar value of their automobile exports.
If your product is better, you can improve your market share even when there is an overall decline in industry demand. Take the case of two wheelers in India. While the overall industry demand has declined, Bajaj Auto increased its share from 60 per cent in 1990 to 64 per cent in 1991 and Kinetic Honda has increased its share from 8 per cent to 11 per cent. But with the advent of new models to target every niche by its competitors, Bajaj Auto continuously witnessed a decline in its market share.
Existence of intense rivalry among the various firms is the most important factor leading to
a continuous improvement in products. Intense rivalry causes the various rival firms to improve and innovate. They push each other to lower costs, improve quality and service and create new products and processes. Keen competition between various firms may lead to closure of some but those who remain would be strong survivors capable of defending themselves against foreign competitors and competing with them in their
home ground. This is what happened in Japan. While external competition was not allowed, there was no holds barred for internal competition. Japanese companies tried their best to out do each other and in the process improved themselves.
The advent and growth of financial journalism which publishes regularly success stories also induces the managers to excel each other and feel a sense of pride in the publication of news about them and their firms. The financial journals also conducted and publish analysis about the various firms in a particular industry and naturally the major players in that particular industry will not like to be unfavourably Commented upon.
According to the passage, Firm should incorporate which of the following to gain a competitive advantage.
A: Firms should add distinct product varieties
B: Adopt multiple distribution channels and cater.
C: Sell only unadvertised basic shirt.
D: Sell only designer shirt.
Options:
Option (a): A, B and C
Option (b): A, B and D
Option (c): A and B
Option (d): A and C but not B
Option (c): A and B
Directions (for questions 8 to 12): Read the passage below and answer the questions based on it.
The firm and its managers have to develop their ability to compete effectively not only to grow but also to survive. It is only under the pressure of competition that a firm would try to improve its product and raise its productivity. Competition itself is not static but is profoundly dynamic in character. To gain a competitive advantage, firms very often add distinct product varieties, adopt multiple distribution channels and cater to several different types of customers. Markets are segmented according to their differing needs and an attempt is made to satisfy those needs. An unadvertised basic shirt and a designer shirt like Charagh Din are both shirts but are sold to buyers with very different criteria.
Firms can develop a competitive advantage to serve a segment that they are capable of serving. In general, the advantage can be acquired or developed either in the form of lower costs or through differentiation of products that command premium prices. Tea City provides an example how premium prices can be charged for a common place product like tea. Hindustan Leaver's Surf competes not on the basis of price but on the basis of non-price factors. Firms can gain and sustain competitive advantage by constant upgradation and improvement of their products. Manufacturers in Ludhiana and Japan have one point of similarity. Both of them have ability to dismantle a product and duplicate it effectively. The similarity ends here. While Ludhiana will continue to produce exact duplicates, Japanese manufacturers will try to improve upon the product. Japanese automakers invaded the US market on the basis of their compact cars and captured about thirty per cent of the US automobile market. But when compelled by the USA to voluntarily restrict their car exports and to overcome the disadvantage of an appreciating Yen, they tried to upgrade their cars and added value to them and thus prevented a decline in the dollar value of their automobile exports.
If your product is better, you can improve your market share even when there is an overall decline in industry demand. Take the case of two wheelers in India. While the overall industry demand has declined, Bajaj Auto increased its share from 60 per cent in 1990 to 64 per cent in 1991 and Kinetic Honda has increased its share from 8 per cent to 11 per cent. But with the advent of new models to target every niche by its competitors, Bajaj Auto continuously witnessed a decline in its market share.
Existence of intense rivalry among the various firms is the most important factor leading to a continuous improvement in products. Intense rivalry causes the various rival firms to improve and innovate. They push each other to lower costs, improve quality and service and create new products and processes. Keen competition between various firms may lead to closure of some but those who remain would be strong survivors capable of defending themselves against foreign competitors and competing with them in their
home ground. This is what happened in Japan. While external competition was not allowed, there was no holds barred for internal competition. Japanese companies tried their best to out do each other and in the process improved themselves.
The advent and growth of financial journalism which publishes regularly success stories also induces the managers to excel each other and feel a sense of pride in the publication of news about them and their firms. The financial journals also conducted and publish analysis about the various firms in a particular industry and naturally the major players in that particular industry will not like to be unfavourably Commented upon.
According to the passage, how did the Japanese prevented a decline in the dollar value of their automobile exports.
Options:
Option (a): Japanese requested USA to produce exact duplicates of Ludhiana cars.
Option (b): Japanese produce exact duplicates of Ludhiana cars.
Option (c): Japanese upgrade their cars and added value to them.
Option (d): Japanese promoted Yen currency in USA.
Option (c): Japanese upgrade their cars and added value to them.
Directions (for questions 8 to 12): Read the passage below and answer the questions based on it.
The firm and its managers have to develop their ability to compete effectively not only to grow but also to survive. It is only under the pressure of competition that a firm would try to improve its product and raise its productivity. Competition itself is not static but is profoundly dynamic in character. To gain a competitive advantage, firms very often add distinct product varieties, adopt multiple distribution channels and cater to several different types of customers. Markets are segmented according to their differing needs and an attempt is made to satisfy those needs. An unadvertised basic shirt and a designer shirt like Charagh Din are both shirts but are sold to buyers with very different criteria.
Firms can develop a competitive advantage to serve a segment that they are capable of serving. In general, the advantage can be acquired or developed either in the form of lower costs or through differentiation of products that command premium prices. Tea City provides an example how premium prices can be charged for a common place product like tea. Hindustan Leaver's Surf competes not on the basis of price but on the basis of non-price factors. Firms can gain and sustain competitive advantage by constant upgradation and improvement of their products. Manufacturers in Ludhiana and Japan have one point of similarity. Both of them have ability to dismantle a product and duplicate it effectively. The similarity ends here. While Ludhiana will continue to produce exact duplicates, Japanese manufacturers will try to improve upon the product. Japanese automakers invaded the US market on the basis of their compact cars and captured about thirty per cent of the US automobile market. But when compelled by the USA to voluntarily restrict their car exports and to overcome the disadvantage of an appreciating Yen, they tried to upgrade their cars and added value to them and thus prevented a decline in the dollar value of their automobile exports.
If your product is better, you can improve your market share even when there is an overall decline in industry demand. Take the case of two wheelers in India. While the overall industry demand has declined, Bajaj Auto increased its share from 60 per cent in 1990 to 64 per cent in 1991 and Kinetic Honda has increased its share from 8 per cent to 11 per cent. But with the advent of new models to target every niche by its competitors, Bajaj Auto continuously witnessed a decline in its market share.
Existence of intense rivalry among the various firms is the most important factor leading to a continuous improvement in products. Intense rivalry causes the various rival firms to improve and innovate. They push each other to lower costs, improve quality and service and create new products and processes. Keen competition between various firms may lead to closure of some but those who remain would be strong survivors capable of defending themselves against foreign competitors and competing with them in their
home ground. This is what happened in Japan. While external competition was not allowed, there was no holds barred for internal competition. Japanese companies tried their best to out do each other and in the process improved themselves.
The advent and growth of financial journalism which publishes regularly success stories also induces the managers to excel each other and feel a sense of pride in the publication of news about them and their firms. The financial journals also conducted and publish analysis about the various firms in a particular industry and naturally the major players in that particular industry will not like to be unfavourably Commented upon.
According to the passage, Role of financial journalism in encouraging managers and their firms includes which of the following,
A: Publish regularly success stories also induces the managers to excel each other and feel a sense of pride in the publication of news about them and their firms.
B: Conducted and publish analysis about the various firms in a particular industry.
C: Firms of financial journalism can develop a competitive advantage to serve a segment that they are capable of serving.
D: Financial journalism do not play any role of financial journalism in encouraging managers and their firms.
Options:
Option (a): A and B
Option (b): B and C
Option (c): D and C
Option (d): B and D
Option (a): A and B
Directions (for questions 8 to 12): Read the passage below and answer the questions based on it.
The firm and its managers have to develop their ability to compete effectively not only to grow but also to survive. It is only under the pressure of competition that a firm would try to improve its product and raise its productivity. Competition itself is not static but is profoundly dynamic in character. To gain a competitive advantage, firms very often add distinct product varieties, adopt multiple distribution channels and cater to several different types of customers. Markets are segmented according to their differing needs and an attempt is made to satisfy those needs. An unadvertised basic shirt and a designer shirt like Charagh Din are both shirts but are sold to buyers with very different criteria.
Firms can develop a competitive advantage to serve a segment that they are capable of serving. In general, the advantage can be acquired or developed either in the form of lower costs or through differentiation of products that command premium prices. Tea City provides an example how premium prices can be charged for a common place product like tea. Hindustan Leaver's Surf competes not on the basis of price but on the basis of non-price factors. Firms can gain and sustain competitive advantage by constant upgradation and improvement of their products. Manufacturers in Ludhiana and Japan have one point of similarity. Both of them have ability to dismantle a product and duplicate it effectively. The similarity ends here. While Ludhiana will continue to produce exact duplicates, Japanese manufacturers will try to improve upon the product. Japanese automakers invaded the US market on the basis of their compact cars and captured about thirty per cent of the US automobile market. But when compelled by the USA to voluntarily restrict their car exports and to overcome the disadvantage of an appreciating Yen, they tried to upgrade their cars and added value to them and thus prevented a decline in the dollar value of their automobile exports.
If your product is better, you can improve your market share even when there is an overall decline in industry demand. Take the case of two wheelers in India. While the overall industry demand has declined, Bajaj Auto increased its share from 60 per cent in 1990 to 64 per cent in
1991 and Kinetic Honda has increased its share from 8 per cent to 11 per cent. But with the advent of new models to target every niche by its competitors, Bajaj Auto continuously witnessed a decline in its market share.
Existence of intense rivalry among the various firms is the most important factor leading to a continuous improvement in products. Intense rivalry causes the various rival firms to improve and innovate. They push each other to lower costs, improve quality and service and create new products and processes. Keen competition between various firms may lead to closure of some but those who remain would be strong survivors capable of defending themselves against foreign competitors and competing with them in their
home ground. This is what happened in Japan. While external competition was not allowed, there was no holds barred for internal competition. Japanese companies tried their best to out do each other and in the process improved themselves.
The advent and growth of financial journalism which publishes regularly success stories also induces the managers to excel each other and feel a sense of pride in the publication of news about them and their firms. The financial journals also conducted and publish analysis about the various firms in a particular industry and naturally the major players in that particular industry will not like to be unfavourably Commented upon.
Best antonym of the term niche is,
Options:
Option (a): compartment
Option (b): pigeonhole
Option (c): closure
Option (d): opening
Option (c): closure
Directions for Questions 13 to 15:
From the choices given below, Choose the best option to fill in the blanks.
The _______ in the dining hall was created by _______ and _______ shared by _______ While hey were partaking of the extravagant spread.
Options:
Option (a): bon viveurs, bonhomie, bonmot, badinage,
Option (b): bonmot, bonhomie, badinage, bon viveurs
Option (c): badinage, bonhomie, bonmot, bon viveurs
Option (d): bonhomie, bonmot, badinage, bon viveurs
Option (d): bonhomie, bonmot, badinage, bon viveurs
Directions for Questions 13 to 15:
From the choices given below, Choose the best option to fill in the blanks.
The outcry against the revolutionary leader portrayed by the media was _______: the reality was that the leader had turned the _______ party to a monolithic with _______ that appealed to _______ in the society.
Options:
Option (a): Factitious, Factious, Facets, Factions
Option (b): Factious, Factitious, Factions, Facets
Option (c): Factitious, Facets, Factions, Factious
Option (d): None of the above are correct.
Option (a): Factitious, Factious, Facets, Factions
Directions for Questions 13 to 15:
From the choices given below, Choose the best option to fill in the blanks.
His face wore a _______ look when the priest _______ him, and he left the church with the hope of everlasting
_______ filled in his heart.
Options:
Option (a): Beatific, Beatitude, Beatified
Option (b): Beatific, Beatified, Beatitude
Option (c): Beatitude, Beatified, Beatific
Option (d): None of the above are correct.
Option (c): Beatitude, Beatified, Beatific
Directions (for questions 16 to 20): Read the passage below and answer the questions based on it.
It is perhaps a commentary on man that, when one wishes to speak of peace, one must inevitably speak of war. The simple definition of peace seems to be the freedom from war and quietness of mind. War involves two or more hostile states in armed conflict, with one or more seeking a goal which is actively opposed by the others. In seeking peace we are primarily concerned with the causes of war. In the era of superpower rivalry it was felt that to be prepared for war was one of the most effective means of preserving peace.
At first hearing, this piece of advice sounds plausible. It means that if a nation is well-armed and ready for war, other nations will be chary of attacking it. In this way it will avoid war and have peace. Whereas an unarmed nation will be an easy prey to any enemy. No doubt there is an element of truth in this. In the present state of the world, no nation is safe that relies for its safety solely on the honour and good-will of its neighbours. Witness the fate of Belgium in the first Great War. In spite of our boasted civilization, and the fine sentiments
expressed by governments, politicians and the press, the weak is still the prey of the strong, might is still right, and the final appeal is still to brute force. So long as this state of affairs lasts, any nation is foolish that is not prepared to defend its liberty by force of arms.
This is the policy followed by India and Pakistan. This was the policy followed by the US and former USSR and it is the policy which continues to be followed in many parts of the world.
But does preparation for war really make for peace? Let us examine this statement, as we would ring a doubtful coin. A tree must be judged by its fruits. In 1914. all the big nations of Europe (except, perhaps, England) were armed to the teeth. Europe was an armed camp, fully prepared for war. What was the
result? Peace? No, War the most widespread and devastating war in the world's history. It was the enormous enlargement of armies and fleets, the crushing burden of ever growing armaments, and the mutual fear and suspicion engendered thereby, which finally resulted in the explosion of the first Great War.
The lesson of that Great War is that if you prepare for war you will have war -war, not peace. This has Since then been proved time and time again the second world war, in the wars between India and Pakistan, in the Gulf war That method of securing peace has failed and failed lamentably.
Bertrand Russel in his "Which Way to Peace" pointed Out : "The universal apprehension is itself a potent cause of war. Fear of war is used to justify armaments, armaments increase the fear of war; and the fear of war increases the likelihood of war."
We must take another motto: If you would have peace, prepare tor Peace. Let the nations prepare for peace, by cultivating mutual goodwill, by the amicabie settlement of disputes by arbitration, by agreeing to universal disarmament, by friendly cooperation instead of suspicious rivalry.
Best Suited conclusion from the following for the above passage is?
Options:
Option (a): If You Would Have Piece Prepare For War.
Option (b): If You Would Have Peace Prepare For War.
Option (c): Prepare Piece For War.
Option (d): Prepare War For Piece.
Option (b): If You Would Have Peace Prepare For War.
Directions (for questions 16 to 20): Read the passage below and answer the questions based on it.
It is perhaps a commentary on man that, when one wishes to speak of peace, one must inevitably speak of war. The simple definition of peace seems to be the freedom from war and quietness of mind. War involves two or more hostile states in armed conflict, with one or more seeking a goal which is actively opposed by the others. In seeking peace we are primarily concerned with the causes of war. In the era of superpower rivalry it was felt that to be prepared for war was one of the most effective means of preserving peace.
At first hearing, this piece of advice sounds plausible. It means that if a nation is well-armed and ready for war, other nations will be chary of attacking it. In this way it will avoid war and have peace. Whereas an unarmed nation will be an easy prey to any enemy. No doubt there is an element of truth in this. In the present state of the world, no nation is safe that relies for its safety solely on the honour and good-will of its neighbours. Witness the fate of Belgium in the first Great War. In spite of our boasted civilization, and the fine sentiments
expressed by governments, politicians and the press, the weak is still the prey of the strong, might is still right, and the final appeal is still to brute force. So long as this state of affairs lasts, any nation is foolish that is not prepared to defend its liberty by force of arms.
This is
the policy followed by India and Pakistan. This was the policy followed by the US and former USSR and it is the policy which continues to be followed in many parts of the world.
But does preparation for war really make for peace? Let us examine this statement, as we would ring a doubtful coin. A tree must be judged by its fruits. In 1914. all the big nations of Europe (except, perhaps, England) were armed to the teeth. Europe was an armed camp, fully prepared for war. What was the
result? Peace? No, War the most widespread and devastating war in the world's history. It was the enormous enlargement of armies and fleets, the crushing burden of ever growing armaments, and the mutual fear and suspicion engendered thereby, which finally resulted in the explosion of the first Great War.
The lesson of that Great War is that if you prepare for war you will have war -war, not peace. This has Since then been proved time and time again the second world war, in the wars between India and Pakistan, in the Gulf war That method of securing peace has failed and failed lamentably.
Bertrand Russel in his "Which Way to Peace" pointed Out : "The universal apprehension is itself a potent cause of war. Fear of war is used to justify armaments, armaments increase the fear of war; and the fear of war increases the likelihood of war."
We must take another motto: If you would have peace, prepare tor Peace. Let the nations prepare for peace, by cultivating mutual goodwill, by the amicabie settlement of disputes by arbitration, by agreeing to universal disarmament, by friendly cooperation instead of suspicious rivalry.
According to the passage, the best way to avoid war and have peace?
Options:
Option (a): If nations prepare for peace, by cultivating mutual goodwill, by the amicabie settlement of disputes by arbitration, by agreeing to universal disarmament, by friendly cooperation instead of suspicious rivalry.
Option (b): Creating fear of war on other nations is one of the most effective means of preserving peace.
Option (c): A nation with a boasted civilization, and the fine sentiments expressed by governments, politicians and the press is one of the most effective means of preserving peace.
Option (d): Divide and conquer is the most effective means of preserving peace.
Option (a): If nations prepare for peace, by cultivating mutual goodwill, by the amicabie settlement of disputes by arbitration, by agreeing to universal disarmament, by friendly cooperation instead of suspicious rivalry.
Directions (for questions 16 to 20): Read the passage below and answer the questions based on it.
It is perhaps a commentary on man that, when one wishes to speak of peace, one must inevitably speak of war. The simple definition of peace seems to be the freedom from war and quietness of mind. War involves two or more hostile states in armed conflict, with one or more seeking a goal which is actively opposed by the others. In seeking peace we are primarily concerned with the causes of war. In the era of superpower rivalry it was felt that to be prepared for war was one of the most effective means of preserving peace.
At first hearing, this piece of advice sounds plausible. It means that if a nation is well-armed and ready for war, other nations will be chary of attacking it. In this way it will avoid war and have peace. Whereas an unarmed nation will be an easy prey to any enemy. No doubt there is an element of truth in this. In the present state of the world, no nation is safe that relies for its safety solely on the honour and good-will of its neighbours. Witness the fate of Belgium in the first Great War. In spite of our boasted civilization, and the fine sentiments
expressed by governments, politicians and the press, the weak is still the prey of the strong, might is still right, and the final appeal is still to brute force. So long as this state of affairs lasts, any nation is foolish that is not prepared to defend its liberty by force of arms.
This is the policy followed by India and Pakistan. This was the policy followed by the US and former USSR and it is the policy which continues to be followed in many parts of the world.
But does preparation for war really make for peace? Let us examine this statement, as we would ring a doubtful coin. A tree must be judged by its fruits. In 1914. all the big nations of Europe (except, perhaps, England) were armed to the teeth. Europe was an armed camp, fully prepared for war. What was the
result? Peace? No, War the most widespread and devastating war in the world's history. It was the enormous enlargement of armies and fleets, the crushing burden of ever growing armaments, and the mutual fear and suspicion engendered thereby, which finally resulted in the explosion of the first Great War.
The lesson of that Great War is that if you prepare for war you will have war -war, not peace. This has Since then been proved time and time again the second world war, in the wars between India and Pakistan, in the Gulf war That method of securing peace has failed and failed lamentably.
Bertrand Russel in his "Which Way to Peace" pointed Out : "The universal apprehension is itself a potent cause of war. Fear of war is used to justify armaments, armaments increase the fear of war; and the fear of war increases the likelihood of war."
We must take another motto: If you would have peace, prepare tor Peace. Let the nations prepare for peace, by cultivating mutual goodwill, by the amicabie settlement of disputes by arbitration, by agreeing to universal disarmament, by friendly cooperation instead of suspicious rivalry.
According to the passage, the statement "weak is still the prey of the strong" infers to
Options:
Option (a): Strong cats prey on weak mice.
Option (b): An unarmed nation will be an easy prey to any enemy.
Option (c): Strong nations defend weak nations.
Option (d): Weak nations will always take over other strong nations.
Option (b): An unarmed nation will be an easy prey to any enemy.
Directions (for questions 16 to 20): Read the passage below and answer the questions based on it.
It is perhaps a commentary on man that, when one wishes to speak of peace, one must inevitably speak of war. The simple definition of peace seems to be the freedom from war and quietness of mind. War involves two or more hostile states in armed conflict, with one or more seeking a goal which is actively opposed by the others. In seeking peace we are primarily concerned with the causes of war. In the era of superpower rivalry it was felt that to be prepared for war was one of the most effective means of preserving peace.
At first hearing, this piece of advice sounds plausible. It means that if a nation is well-armed and ready for war, other nations will be chary of attacking it. In this way it will avoid war and have peace. Whereas an unarmed nation will be an easy prey to any enemy. No doubt there is an element of truth in this. In the present state of the world, no nation is safe that relies for its safety solely on the honour and good-will of its neighbours. Witness the fate of Belgium in the first Great War. In spite of our boasted civilization, and the fine sentiments
expressed by governments, politicians and the press, the weak is still the prey of the strong, might is still right, and the final appeal is still to brute force. So long as this state of affairs lasts, any nation is foolish that is not prepared to defend its liberty by force of arms.
This is the policy followed by India and Pakistan. This was the policy followed by the US and former USSR and it is the policy which continues to be followed in many parts of the world.
But does preparation for war really make for peace? Let us examine this statement, as we would ring a doubtful coin. A tree must be judged by its fruits. In 1914. all the big nations of Europe (except, perhaps, England) were armed to the teeth. Europe was an armed camp, fully prepared for war. What was the
result? Peace? No, War the most widespread and devastating war in the world's history. It was the enormous enlargement of armies and fleets, the crushing burden of ever growing armaments, and the mutual fear and suspicion engendered thereby, which finally resulted in the explosion of the first Great War.
The lesson of that Great War is that if you prepare for war you will have war - war, not peace. This has Since then been proved time and time again the second world war, in the wars between India and Pakistan, in the Gulf war That method of securing peace has failed and failed lamentably.
Bertrand Russel in his "Which Way to Peace" pointed Out : "The universal apprehension is itself a potent cause of war. Fear of war is used to justify armaments, armaments increase the fear of war; and the fear of war increases the likelihood of war."
We must take another motto: If you would have peace, prepare tor Peace. Let the nations prepare for peace, by cultivating mutual goodwill, by the amicabie settlement of disputes by arbitration, by agreeing to universal disarmament, by friendly cooperation instead of suspicious rivalry.
According to passage, what is the lesson of Great War?
Options:
Option (a): If you prepare for war you will have peace.
Option (b): If you prepare for peace you will have peace.
Option (c): Peace is not Permanent.
Option (d): If you prepare for war you will have war - war, not peace.
Option (d): If you prepare for war you will have war - war, not peace.
Directions (for questions 16 to 20): Read the passage below and answer the questions based on it.
It is perhaps a commentary on man that, when one wishes to speak of peace, one must inevitably speak of war. The simple definition of peace seems to be the freedom from war and quietness of mind. War involves two or more hostile states in armed conflict, with one or more seeking a goal which is actively opposed by the others. In seeking peace we are primarily concerned with the causes of war. In the era of superpower rivalry it was felt that to be prepared for war was one of the most effective means of preserving peace.
At first hearing, this piece of advice sounds plausible. It means that if a nation is well-armed and ready for war, other nations will be chary of attacking it. In this way it will avoid war and have peace. Whereas an unarmed nation will be an easy prey to any enemy. No doubt there is an element of truth in this. In the present state of the world, no nation is safe that relies for its safety solely on the honour and good-will of its neighbours. Witness the fate of Belgium in the first Great War. In spite of our boasted civilization, and the fine sentiments
expressed by governments, politicians and the press, the weak is still the prey of the strong, might is still right, and the final appeal is still to brute force. So long as this state of affairs lasts, any nation is foolish that is not prepared to defend its liberty by force of arms.
This is the policy followed by India and Pakistan. This was the policy followed by the US and former USSR and it is the policy which continues to be followed in many parts of the world.
But does preparation for war really make for peace? Let us examine this statement, as we would ring a doubtful coin. A tree must be judged by its fruits. In 1914. all the big nations of Europe (except, perhaps, England) were armed to the teeth. Europe was an armed camp, fully prepared for war. What was the
result? Peace? No, War the most widespread and devastating war in the world's history. It was the enormous enlargement of armies and fleets, the crushing burden of ever growing armaments, and the mutual fear and suspicion engendered thereby, which finally resulted in the explosion of the first Great War.
The lesson of that Great War is that if you prepare for war you will have war -war, not peace. This has Since then been proved time and time again the second world war, in the wars between India and Pakistan, in the Gulf war That method of securing peace has failed and failed lamentably.
Bertrand Russel in his "Which Way to Peace" pointed Out : "The universal apprehension is itself a potent cause of war. Fear of war is used to justify armaments, armaments increase the fear of war; and the fear of war increases the likelihood of war."
We must take another motto: If you would have peace, prepare tor Peace. Let the nations prepare for peace, by cultivating mutual goodwill, by the amicabie settlement of disputes
by arbitration, by agreeing to universal disarmament, by friendly cooperation instead of suspicious rivalry.
the best suited antonym for the word "amicabie" is
Options:
Option (a): polite.
Option (b): unmannerly.
Option (c): peaceful
Option (d): accordant
Option (b): unmannerly.
Directions for Questions 21 and 22: Arrange the following lines in a logical sequence.
A. The third (industrial) revolution - transition to the high-tech age -began in the second half of the 1980s and was characterized by computer-controlled production facilities in the factories of industrial nations.
B. They are achieving a Computer-controlled dimension of production wherein quantitative growth is being replaced by a qualitative one.
C. Many of mankind's pressing problems can be tackled using the new scientific and technical advances.
D. Politically, the third Industrial Revolution is characterized by the end of the East-West confrontation.
E. More importantly, micro-electronics, with its revolutionary technological developments, is increasingly becoming a Strategic industry in the leading industrial nations.
The Sequence is _______.
ADEBC
Directions for Questions 21 and 22: Arrange the following lines in a logical sequence.
A. It pollutes the air by releasing smell, smoke, fumes and dust in air, by discharging wastes in rivers, wetlands, realising mat injurious gases like sulphur dioxide, nitrous oxide, carbon monoxide, chlorin
etc.
B. To check these a major effort is required on the part of the administration and the citizens.
C. There are various ways by which our environment gets polluted.
D. All these affects the three basic amenities of life, air, water and land and this has serious repercussion health.
E. Industrial development and its spread is one the major causes of pollution.
The Sequence is _______.
CEADB
Directions for Questions 23 to 25: Each question has a set of four sequentially ordered statements. Each statement can be classified as one of the following:
- Facts, which deal with pieces of information that one has heard, seen or read, and which are open to discovery or verification (the answer option indicates such a statement with an 'F').
- Inferences, which are conclusions drawn about the unknown, on the basis of the known (the answer option indicates such a statement with an 'I').
- Judgements, which are opinions that imply or disapproval of persons, objects, situations and occurrences in the past, the present or the future (the answer option indicates such a statement with a 'J').
Type the answer that best describes the set of four statements. Example: 'JIJF' for Statement A: as Judgements, Statement B: as Inferences, Statement C: as Judgements and Statement D: as Fact.
A. Football remains the greatest sport and over a fortnight, the ballet between twirling feet and the ball has caught global attention despite the footprints of a waning pandemic or the devastation of Russia’s war against Ukraine.
B. Qatar has managed to host this megaevent with minimal fuss even if whispers of human rights violations during the construction of the various stadiums continue to linger.
C. The World Cup has come a long way from the inaugural edition in 1930 when host Uruguay emerged
as the champion after defeating Argentina.
D. The African and Asian nations believe that they are here to compete and not make up the numbers.
JIFJ
Directions for Questions 23 to 25: Each question has a set of four sequentially ordered statements. Each statement can be classified as one of the following:
- Facts, which deal with pieces of information that one has heard, seen or read, and which are open to discovery or verification (the answer option indicates such a statement with an 'F').
- Inferences, which are conclusions drawn about the unknown, on the basis of the known (the answer option indicates such a statement with an 'I').
- Judgements, which are opinions that imply or disapproval of persons, objects, situations and occurrences in the past, the present or the future (the answer option indicates such a statement with a 'J').
Type the answer that best describes the set of four statements. Example: 'JIJF' for Statement A: as Judgements, Statement B: as Inferences, Statement C: as Judgements and Statement D: as Fact.
A. India’s gross Goods and Services Tax (GST) revenues grew almost 11% this month to nearly ₹ 1.46 lakh crore.
B. The two highest GST monthly receipts so far — over ₹ 1.67 lakh crore beginning of summer and ₹ 1.51 lakh crore mid winter — were partly bolstered by taxpayers filing quarterly returns.
C. The 10.9% overall GST revenue growth in mid winter, reflecting transactions undertaken in
ending of winter when the major festivals, including Deepavali, occurred — is the slowest uptick recorded
since summer end.
D. E-way bills generation, broadly indicating outflow of goods from producers to the wholesale and retail supply chains, dropped a steeper 8.6% sequentially, perhaps as factories recorded higher downtimes amid extended holidays.
FFFF
Directions for Questions 23 to 25: Each question has a set of four sequentially ordered statements. Each statement can be classified as one of the following:
- Facts, which deal with pieces of information that one has heard, seen or read, and which are open to discovery or verification (the answer option indicates such a statement with an 'F').
- Inferences, which are conclusions drawn about the unknown, on the basis of the known (the answer option indicates such a statement with an 'I').
- Judgements, which are opinions that imply or disapproval of persons, objects, situations and occurrences in the past, the present or the future (the answer option indicates such a statement with a 'J').
Type the answer that best describes the set of four statements. Example: 'JIJF' for Statement A: as Judgements, Statement B: as Inferences, Statement C: as Judgements and Statement D: as Fact.
A. The J&K administration is planning not to impose a curfew or restrictions in the Kashmir valley on the Republic Day on Wednesday, even as four persons, including a policeman, were injured in a grenade explosion in Srinagar on Tuesday, a day ahead of the functions in the Union Territory (UT).
B. A security blanket has been thrown around all the major venues of celebrations in J&K.
C. Four persons, including a policeman, were injured in a grenade explosion by suspected militants at Srinagar’s busy Hari Singh High Street market on Tuesday afternoon.
D. A grenade was tossed towards a parked police vehicle at Hari Singh High Street on Tuesday afternoon.
JFFF
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