Made with
HTML Code CreatorMOCK TEST - 3 - Verbal Ability & Reading Comprehension (VARC Section)
Verbal Ability & Reading Comprehension (VARC) is one of the section of CAT exam along with Quantitative Aptitude and Data Interpretation and Logical Reasoning. Practice tests help aspirants to prepare for the exams.
Verbal Ability & Reading Comprehension determines the candidates ability to read, understand and answer questions of a language.
Maximum Time for this section: 40 : 00 (Minutes : Seconds)
Total number of Questions: 72
Total number of MCQ's Questions: 50
Total Number of Non-MCQ's (TITA) Questions: 22
Total number Quantitative Ability (QA) Questions: 24
Total number Quantitative Ability (QA) MCQ's Questions: 16
Total number Quantitative Ability (QA) non-MCQ's (TITA) Questions: 08
Total number Data Interpretation and Logical Reasoning (DILR) Questions: 22
Total number Data Interpretation and Logical Reasoning (DILR) MCQ's Questions: 17
Total number Data Interpretation and Logical Reasoning (DILR) non-MCQ's (TITA) Questions: 05
Total number Verbal Ability & Reading Comprehension (VARC) Questions: 26
Total number Verbal Ability & Reading Comprehension (VARC) MCQ's Questions: 17
Total number Verbal Ability & Reading Comprehension (VARC) non-MCQ's (TITA) Questions: 09
Maximum Time: 40 : 00 (Minutes : Seconds) per section
Note-1: Use of simple calculator is allowed.
Note-2: Not allowed to change section once selected.
Directions (for questions 1 to 4): Read the passage below and answer the questions based on it.
Since Independence, the Indian Government has tried to use taxation for achieving various socio-economic objectives. For this purpose, it tried to make the tax-system integrated and broad based on the recommendations of Professor Kaldor. Although it is natural in a developing economy that indirect taxes would contribute a large share of total tax collections, having wider coverage, but it is equally important that the structure of direct taxes be so geared as to help in achieving horizontal equity (equal treatment of equals) and vertical equity (unequal treatment of unequals). Its coverage should be increased with the passage of time so as to ensure its increasing contributory share in total tax revenue.
One of the immediate challenge before the Income Tax Department due to a sharp increase in the number of taxpayers in the recent past is that workload has considerably increased, without a corresponding increase in the strength of assessing officers and the supplementary staff, it would be difficult for the Income Tax Department to cater to the increased workload.
The increasing use of e-commerce through Internet is likely to pose serious challenge to the Income Tax Department in the near future. Under electronic transactions it becomes very difficult to prove transactions because flow of information is in electronic form. This problem is further complicated when the flow of information is across the borders, more so when transaction is routed through three countries or more. The present taxation laws, based either on business connection or permanent establishment, do not provide for a solution to the problem of taxation of internet transactions. To tackle this challenge, there is an urgent need to explore all the possibilities which should enable the Indian Government to receive information of internet commerce. The suggestion of the CBDT to form an International organisation with the participation of various countries needs to be implemented at the earliest because it would help in detecting commercial or financial transactions on the internet.
While various measures undertaken by the Government during the Post-Reform period deserve appreciation, there is need to implement such measures strictly and extend their scope. We think that there is an urgent need for reforms and improvement in the administration of direct taxes, even if it might mean increase in the cost of collection in the short-run. There is a need to lay adequate emphasis on achieving horizontal equity, i.e., equal treatment of equals in the long-run. The strength of the Income Tax Department needs to be Considerably increased to cater to the new challenges and to be in a position to develop a tax-system which would really be broad-based.
1. According to the passage what is horizontal equality and vertical equality?
Options:
Option (a): Horizontal equity - unequal treatment of unequals. Vertical equity - equal treatment of equals.
Option (b): Horizontal equity - equal treatment of equals. Vertical equity - unequal treatment of unequals.
Option (c): Horizontal equity - unequal treatment of equals. Vertical equity - unequal treatment of equals.
Option (d): Horizontal equity - equal treatment of unequals. Vertical equity - equals treatment of unequals.
Horizontal equity - equal treatment of equals. Vertical equity - unequal treatment of unequals.
Directions (for questions 1 to 4): Read the passage below and answer the questions based on it.
Since Independence, the Indian Government has tried to use taxation for achieving various socio-economic objectives. For this purpose, it tried to make the tax-system integrated and broad based on the recommendations of Professor Kaldor. Although it is natural in a developing economy that indirect taxes would contribute a large share of total tax collections, having wider coverage, but it is equally important that the structure of direct taxes be so geared as to help in achieving horizontal equity (equal treatment of equals) and vertical equity (unequal treatment of unequals). Its coverage should be increased with the passage of time so as to ensure its increasing contributory share in total tax revenue.
One of the immediate challenge before the Income Tax Department due to a sharp increase in the number of taxpayers in the recent past is that workload has considerably increased, without a corresponding increase in the strength of assessing officers and the supplementary staff, it would be difficult for the Income Tax Department to cater to the increased workload.
The increasing use of e-commerce through Internet is likely to pose serious challenge to the Income Tax Department in the near future. Under electronic transactions it becomes very difficult to prove transactions because flow of information is in electronic form. This problem is further complicated when the flow of information is across the borders, more so when transaction is routed through three countries or more. The present taxation laws, based either on business connection or permanent establishment, do not provide for a solution to the problem of taxation of internet transactions. To tackle this challenge, there is an urgent need to explore all the possibilities which should enable the Indian Government to receive information of internet commerce. The suggestion of the CBDT to form an International organisation with the participation of various countries needs to be implemented at the earliest because it would help in detecting commercial or financial transactions on the internet.
While various measures undertaken by the Government during the Post-Reform period deserve appreciation, there is need to implement such measures strictly and extend their scope. We think that there is an urgent need for reforms and improvement in the administration of direct taxes, even if it might mean increase in the cost of collection in the short-run. There is a need to lay adequate emphasis on achieving horizontal equity, i.e., equal treatment of equals in the long-run. The strength of the Income Tax Department needs to be Considerably increased to cater to the new challenges and to be in a position to develop a tax-system which would really be broad-based.
2. According to the passage what is the immediate challenge of Income tax department?
Options:
Option (a): To waive-off tax, to cater the increased workload.
Option (b): To find a way to reduce the number of tax payers, to cater the increased workload.
Option (c): Corresponding increase in assessment officers and staff, to cater the increased workload.
Option (d): None of the above.
Option (c): Corresponding increase in assessment officers and staff, to cater the increased workload.
Directions (for questions 1 to 4): Read the passage below and answer the questions based on it.
Since Independence, the Indian Government has tried to use taxation for achieving various socio-economic objectives. For this purpose, it tried to make the tax-system integrated and broad based on the recommendations of Professor Kaldor. Although it is natural in a developing economy that indirect taxes would contribute a large share of total tax collections, having wider coverage, but it is equally important that the structure of direct taxes be so geared as to help in achieving horizontal equity (equal treatment of equals) and vertical equity (unequal treatment of unequals). Its coverage should be increased with the passage of time so as to ensure its increasing contributory share in total tax revenue.
One of the immediate challenge before the Income Tax Department due to a sharp increase in the number of taxpayers in the recent past is that workload has considerably increased, without a corresponding increase in the strength of assessing officers and the supplementary staff, it would be difficult for the Income Tax Department to cater to the increased workload.
The increasing use of e-commerce through Internet is likely to pose serious challenge to the Income Tax Department in the near future. Under electronic transactions it becomes very difficult to prove transactions because flow of information is in electronic form. This problem is further complicated when the flow of information is across the borders, more so when transaction is routed through three countries or more. The present taxation laws, based either on business connection or permanent establishment, do not provide for a solution to the problem of taxation of internet transactions. To tackle this challenge, there is an urgent need to explore all the possibilities which should enable the Indian Government to receive information of internet commerce. The suggestion of the CBDT to form an International organisation with the participation of various countries needs to be implemented at the earliest because it would help in detecting commercial or financial transactions on the internet.
While various measures undertaken by the Government during the Post-Reform period deserve appreciation, there is need to implement such measures strictly and extend their scope. We think that there is an urgent need for reforms and improvement in the administration of direct taxes, even if it might mean increase in the cost of collection in the short-run. There is a need to lay adequate emphasis on achieving horizontal equity, i.e., equal treatment of equals in the long-run. The strength of the Income Tax Department needs to be Considerably increased to cater to the new challenges and to be in a position to develop a tax-system which would really be broad-based.
3. What was CBDT's suggestion and Why?
Options:
Option (a): To form an International organisation with the participation of various countries needs to be implemented at the earliest because it would help in detecting commercial or financial transactions on the internet.
Option (b): Since internet is too slow, no International transactions required for the country at the moment.
Option (c): Countries participation in formation of International organisation is not required at the moment.
Option (d): None of the above.
Option (a): To form an International organisation with the participation of various countries needs to be implemented at the earliest because it would help in detecting commercial or financial transactions on the internet.
Directions (for questions 1 to 4): Read the passage below and answer the questions based on it.
Since Independence, the Indian Government has tried to use taxation for achieving various socio-economic objectives. For this purpose, it tried to make the tax-system integrated and broad based on the recommendations of Professor Kaldor. Although it is natural in a developing economy that indirect taxes would contribute a large share of total tax collections, having wider coverage, but it is equally important that the structure of direct taxes be so geared as to help in achieving horizontal equity (equal treatment of equals) and vertical equity (unequal treatment of unequals). Its coverage should be increased with the passage of time so as to ensure its increasing contributory share in total tax revenue.
One of the immediate challenge before the Income Tax Department due to a sharp increase in the number of taxpayers in the recent past is that workload has considerably increased, without a corresponding increase in the strength of assessing officers and the supplementary staff, it would be difficult for the Income Tax Department to cater to the increased workload.
The increasing use of e-commerce through Internet is likely to pose serious challenge to the Income Tax Department in the near future. Under electronic transactions it becomes very difficult to prove transactions because flow of information is in electronic form. This problem is further complicated when the flow of information is across the borders, more so when transaction is routed through three countries or more. The present taxation laws, based either on business connection or permanent establishment, do not provide for a solution to the problem of taxation of internet transactions. To tackle this challenge, there is an urgent need to explore all the possibilities which should enable the Indian Government to receive information of internet commerce. The suggestion of the CBDT to form an International organisation with the participation of various countries needs to be implemented at the earliest because it would help in detecting commercial or financial transactions on the internet.
While various measures undertaken by the Government during the Post-Reform period deserve appreciation, there is need to implement such measures strictly and extend their scope. We think that there is an urgent need for reforms and improvement in the administration of direct taxes, even if it might mean increase in the cost of collection in the short-run. There is a need to lay adequate emphasis on achieving horizontal equity, i.e., equal treatment of equals in the long-run. The strength of the Income Tax Department needs to be Considerably increased to cater to the new challenges and to be in a position to develop a tax-system which would really be broad-based.
4. What is the best suited Title for this short passage?
NEED FOR FURTURE WIDENING THE DIRECT TAXES BASES IN THE NEW MILLENNIUM
Directions (for questions 5 to 7): Read the passage below and answer the questions based on it.
In Bridharanyak Upnishad. Yagnavalkya says to his wife Maitri that - "Husband loves his wife not for wife's sake but for the sake of the self and a wife loves her husband not for husband's sake but for own sake; mother loves her child not for child's sake but for own sake and a child love his mother not for mother's sake but for own sake". It means all the activities which we are doing in our ordinary business of life are guided by self-interest, i.e., love for our oneself. It is a love of oneself that urges to take those activities where we get pleasure and discard all these activities where pain is there. So everywhere self-interest or love for oneself is the guiding force.
According to Swami Ram Tirth, there are two types of selves-little self, i.e., our body which is composed of all sense organs and the purest sell, i.e., our soul. Now in the first chapter of Bhagavad Gita when Arjuna throws away his Gandive and wants to run away from his Dharma, that is, he is not ready to fight for the sake of truth by arguing that there is no use of killing our own relatives, friends, gurus even for the kingdom of three lokas. Now this is the little self which is speaking in Arjuna. He is in the grip of Moha. He does not realise that his foes want dominion This type of Moha distracts one from one's dharma (duty), and have been oppressors and have heaped inequities on the just and the innocent. Arjuna justifies his dereliction of duty with fancy rationalization.
Bhagavad Gita teaches us self-love of the highest order So, a person is to develop himself so that he can shun love for little self and act according to the dictates of the purest self, i.e., soul So it is the realisation of the purest self when a person loves his soul than his actions and he becomes a useful member of the society. Then he has no desire and no object to gratify himself His karmas are automatic as the sun shines As sun gives light to everybody irrespective of caste, creed and religion, in the same way, he works tor the welfare of everybody and he observes the same purest self. In brief, a journey from little sell to purest self constitutes Sustainable Human Development.
5. In the paragraph 1, what does Yagnavalkya's saying to his wife Maitri mean?
Options:
Option (a): All activities in our ordinary business of life are guided by self interest, i.e., love for our oneself.
Option (b): Yagnavalkya didn't say anything.
Option (c): self-love should not be encouraged.
Option (d): None of the above.
Option (a): All activities in our ordinary business of life are guided by self interest, i.e., love for our oneself.
Directions (for questions 5 to 7): Read the passage below and answer the questions based on it.
In Bridharanyak Upnishad. Yagnavalkya says to his wife Maitri that - "Husband loves his wife not for wife's sake but for the sake of the self and a wife loves her husband not for husband's sake but for own sake; mother loves her child not for child's sake but for own sake and a child love his mother not for mother's sake but for own sake". It means all the activities which we are doing in our ordinary business of life are guided by self-interest, i.e., love for our oneself. It is a love of oneself that urges to take those activities where we get pleasure and discard all these activities where pain is there. So everywhere self-interest or love for oneself is the guiding force.
According to Swami Ram Tirth, there are two types of selves-little self, i.e., our body which is composed of all sense organs and the purest sell, i.e., our soul. Now in the first chapter of Bhagavad Gita when Arjuna throws away his Gandive and wants to run away from his Dharma, that is, he is not ready to fight for the sake of truth by arguing that there is no use of killing our own relatives, friends, gurus even for the kingdom of three lokas. Now this is the little self which is speaking in Arjuna. He is in the grip of Moha. He does not realise that his foes want dominion This type of Moha distracts one from one's dharma (duty), and have been oppressors and have heaped inequities on the just and the innocent. Arjuna justifies his dereliction of duty with fancy rationalization.
Bhagavad Gita teaches us self-love of the highest order So, a person is to develop himself so that he can shun love for little self and act according to the dictates of the purest self, i.e., soul So it is the realisation of the purest self when a person loves his soul than his actions and he becomes a useful member of the society. Then he has no desire and no object to gratify himself His karmas are automatic as the sun shines As sun gives light to everybody irrespective of caste, creed and religion, in the same way, he works tor the welfare of everybody and he observes the same purest self. In brief, a journey from little sell to purest self constitutes Sustainable Human Development.
6. In paragraph 2, according to Swami Ram Tirth's saying on selves, which 'self' of Arjuna was exhibited in Bhagavad Gita's First Chapter?
Options:
Option (a): selflessness
Option (b): little self.
Option (c): purest self.
Option (d): None of the above.
Option (b): little self.
Directions (for questions 5 to 7): Read the passage below and answer the questions based on it.
In Bridharanyak Upnishad. Yagnavalkya says to his wife Maitri that - "Husband loves his wife not for wife's sake but for the sake of the self and a wife loves her husband not for husband's sake but for own sake; mother loves her child not for child's sake but for own sake and a child love his mother not for mother's sake but for own sake". It means all the activities which we are doing in our ordinary business of life are guided by self-interest, i.e., love for our oneself. It is a love of oneself that urges to take those activities where we get pleasure and discard all these activities where pain is there. So everywhere self-interest or love for oneself is the guiding force.
According to Swami Ram Tirth, there are two types of selves-little self, i.e., our body which is composed of all sense organs and the purest sell, i.e., our soul. Now in the first chapter of Bhagavad Gita when Arjuna throws away his Gandive and wants to run away from his Dharma, that is, he is not ready to fight for the sake of truth by arguing that there is no use of killing our own relatives, friends, gurus even for the kingdom of three lokas. Now this is the little self which is speaking in Arjuna. He is in the grip of Moha. He does not realise that his foes want dominion This type of Moha distracts one from one's dharma (duty), and have been oppressors and have heaped inequities on the just and the innocent. Arjuna justifies his dereliction of duty with fancy rationalization.
Bhagavad Gita teaches us self-love of the highest order So, a person is to develop himself so that he can shun love for little self and act according to the dictates of the purest self, i.e., soul So it is the realisation of the purest self when a person loves his soul than his actions and he becomes a useful member of the society. Then he has no desire and no object to gratify himself His karmas are automatic as the sun shines As sun gives light to everybody irrespective of caste, creed and religion, in the same way, he works tor the welfare of everybody and he observes the same purest self. In brief, a journey from little sell to purest self constitutes Sustainable Human Development.
7. According to the passage what does Bhagavad Gita teach us?
Options:
Option (a): Teaches self-love to the highest order.
Option (b): Teaches us purest self to the highest order.
Option (c): Teaches us little self to the highest order.
Option (d): None of the above.
Option (a): Teaches self-love to the highest order.
Directions (for questions 8 to 10): Read the passage below and answer the questions based on it.
Three illustrations in which social scientists can make an effective contribution are as follows. India is richly equipped with research laboratories, research institutes and research centres engaged in developing or applying a variety of improved technologies. Many of them have done innovative works of great importance, as, for instance, in respect of leather, glass and ceramics, sanitation, waste disposal, public hygiene and nutrition. Several other areas can be mentioned. However, outside agriculture and health, at the level of the community, the impact does not go much beyond demonstrations of what can be done. The extension links needed remain weak. The community as a whole and the body of workers specially concerned are not able to achieve large-scale technological upgradation. Of course, other conditions have also to be met, e.g, education, training, organizations, credit and marketing support, risk insurance, etc. In each area, appropriate local leaders have to be located, trained and supported.
The second is concerned with the implementation of the 73rd and 74th amendments to the Constitution concerning Panchayats and Nagar Palikas. Upto the present the main attention has been on the question of elections and organisation and, to an extent still far from satisfactory, on provision of finance and devolution of resources. These are only the first steps. The eleventh and twelfth schedules of the constitution list the various developmental responsibilities which the Panchayats and the Nagar Palikas are expected to carry out. Considerable knowledge and experience exists already about the implications of each of the responsibilities, how these have been fulfilled in the past and the conditions by way of finance, training, organisation etc. which have to be met, so that the 1ocal self-governing organisations may really be in a position to carry out the tasks expected of them. If these are not carried out, Panchayati Raj as a concept will be discredited and disowned. The two amendments and the schedules have a major. bearing on Centre-State relations not only in terms of finance and distribution of powers, but also in terms of administrative relations between the Centre and the States and between the State level and Nagar Palikas and Panchayat institutions. Social scientists have the background and the training to analyse and bring out the issues, so that the right policy decisions are reached. While decisions have to be taken by appropriate agencies of Government, what decisions are reached and how they are carried into effect can be greatly assisted by the work of social scientists. Upto the present, neither at the Centre nor in the States, has the approach of effective devolution and transfer of responsibility been adequately worked out. An example of this is the current view that the Central Government should pass on funds directly to Gram Panchayats, bypassing State and district and block agencies.
A third area in which social scientists can make an effective contribution is the study of decision-making processes by which major policies and programmes are determined within the Government. Examples are abound in which far-reaching decisions are reached without full study of aspects which emerge before long as critical weaknesses greatly undermining gains expected from the decisions taken. Also, while in the past, the word of authority could pass muster, in the changing climate of public affairs, unless those affected are taken into genuine and transparent consultation before decisions are taken or announced, implementation is apt to
be thwarted. In particular, when radical changes in policy are in view, workers, supervisors and other staff need to be carried on board. Major policies demand a substantial measure of consensus in their support.
While Governments are now under compulsion to introduce greatly improved management and human resource development methods and practices and to profit from the innovations now taking place in large corporations both in India and the developed countries, their concerns are societal and their criteria will not be precisely those of private or public corporations. Social scientists from several fields - public administration, political science, economics, sociology, psychology, for instance-have a collective contribution to make to the strengthening and improvement of systems and methods of governance. Nearer the grassroots, there is need
also for much education and training of functionaries as well as at the community level. We have a whole set of
comparatively new problems and opportunities in relation to which social scientists have much to contribute.
8. Which of the following is not an areas of contribution by social scientists?
Options:
Option (a): Contribution in the areas agriculture and health, glass and ceramics, sanitation, waste disposal, public hygiene and nutrition with the aid of developing or applying a variety of improved technologies.
Option (b): To analyse and bring out the issues in terms of administrative relations between the Centre and the States and between the State level and Nagar Palikas and Panchayat institutions, so that the right policy decisions are reached.
Option (c): Effective contribution is the study of decision-making processes by which major policies and programmes are determined within the Government.
Option (d): Contribution in the areas of Cosmology.
Option (d): Contribution in the areas of Cosmology.
Directions (for questions 8 to 10): Read the passage below and answer the questions based on it.
Three illustrations in which social scientists can make an effective contribution are as follows. India is richly equipped with research laboratories, research institutes and research centres engaged in developing or applying a variety of improved technologies. Many of them have done innovative works of great importance, as, for instance, in respect of leather, glass and ceramics, sanitation, waste disposal, public hygiene and nutrition. Several other areas can be mentioned. However, outside agriculture and health, at the level of the community, the impact does not go much beyond demonstrations of what can be done. The extension links needed remain weak. The community as a whole and the body of workers specially concerned are not able to achieve large-scale technological upgradation. Of course, other conditions have also to be met, e.g, education, training, organizations, credit and marketing support, risk insurance, etc. In each area, appropriate local leaders have to be located, trained and supported.
The second is concerned with the implementation of the 73rd and 74th amendments to the Constitution concerning Panchayats and Nagar Palikas. Upto the present the main attention has been on the question of elections and organisation and, to an extent still far from satisfactory, on provision of finance and devolution of resources. These are only the first steps. The eleventh and twelfth schedules of the constitution list the various developmental responsibilities which the Panchayats and the Nagar Palikas are expected to carry out. Considerable knowledge and experience exists already about the implications of each of the responsibilities, how these have been fulfilled in the past and the conditions by way of finance, training, organisation etc. which have to be met, so that the 1ocal self-governing organisations may really be in a position to carry out the tasks expected of them. If these are not carried out, Panchayati Raj as a concept will be discredited and disowned. The two amendments and the schedules have a major. bearing on Centre-State relations not only in terms of finance and distribution of powers, but also in terms of administrative relations between the Centre and the States and between the State level and Nagar Palikas and Panchayat institutions. Social scientists have the background and the training to analyse and bring out the issues, so that the right policy decisions are reached. While decisions have to be taken by appropriate agencies of Government, what decisions are reached and how they are carried into effect can be greatly assisted by the work of social scientists. Upto the present, neither at the Centre nor in the States, has the approach of effective devolution and transfer of responsibility been adequately worked out. An example of this is the current view that the Central Government should pass on funds directly to Gram Panchayats, bypassing State and district and block agencies.
A third area in which social scientists can make an effective contribution is the study of decision-making processes by which major policies and programmes are determined within the Government. Examples are abound in which far-reaching decisions are reached without full study of aspects which emerge before long as critical weaknesses greatly undermining gains expected from the decisions taken. Also, while in the past, the word of authority could pass muster, in the changing climate of public affairs, unless those affected are taken into genuine and transparent consultation before decisions are taken or announced, implementation is apt to
be thwarted. In particular, when radical changes in policy are in view, workers, supervisors and other staff need to be carried on board. Major policies demand a substantial measure of consensus in their support.
While Governments are now under compulsion to introduce greatly improved management and human resource development methods and practices and to profit from the innovations now taking place in large corporations both in India and the developed countries, their concerns are societal and their criteria will not be precisely those of private or public corporations. Social scientists from several fields - public administration, political science, economics, sociology, psychology, for instance-have a collective contribution to make to the strengthening and improvement of systems and methods of governance. Nearer the grassroots, there is need
also for much education and training of functionaries as well as at the community level. We have a whole set of
comparatively new problems and opportunities in relation to which social scientists have much to contribute.
9. According to the passage if appropriate agencies of Government what is the role of social scientists?
Options:
Option (a): what decisions are reached and how they are carried into effect can be greatly assisted by the work of social scientists.
Option (b): social scientists will get the feedback of citizens and update it to the government.
Option (c): social scientists are always given powers as government officials.
Option (d): No role of social scientists, when it is concerned to Government policy making.
Option (a): what decisions are reached and how they are carried into effect can be greatly assisted by the work of social scientists.
Directions (for questions 8 to 10): Read the passage below and answer the questions based on it.
Three illustrations in which social scientists can make an effective contribution are as follows. India is richly equipped with research laboratories, research institutes and research centres engaged in developing or applying a variety of improved technologies. Many of them have done innovative works of great importance, as, for instance, in respect of leather, glass and ceramics, sanitation, waste disposal, public hygiene and nutrition. Several other areas can be mentioned. However, outside agriculture and health, at the level of the community, the impact does not go much beyond demonstrations of what can be done. The extension links needed remain weak. The community as a whole and the body of workers specially concerned are not able to achieve large-scale technological upgradation. Of course, other conditions have also to be met, e.g, education, training, organizations, credit and marketing support, risk insurance, etc. In each area, appropriate local leaders have to be located, trained and supported.
The second is concerned with the implementation of the 73rd and 74th amendments to the Constitution concerning Panchayats and Nagar Palikas. Upto the present the main attention has been on the question of elections and organisation and, to an extent still far from satisfactory, on provision of finance and devolution of resources. These are only the first steps. The eleventh and twelfth schedules of the constitution list the various developmental responsibilities which the Panchayats and the Nagar Palikas are expected to carry out. Considerable knowledge and experience exists already about the implications of each of the responsibilities, how these have been fulfilled in the past and the conditions by way of finance, training, organisation etc. which have to be met, so that the 1ocal self-governing organisations may really be in a position to carry out the tasks expected of them. If these are not carried out, Panchayati Raj as a concept will be discredited and disowned. The two amendments and the schedules have a major. bearing on Centre-State relations not only in terms of finance and distribution of powers, but also in terms of administrative relations between the Centre and the States and between the State level and Nagar Palikas and Panchayat institutions. Social scientists have the background and the training to analyse and bring out the issues, so that the right policy decisions are reached. While decisions have to be taken by appropriate agencies of Government, what decisions are reached and how they are carried into effect can be greatly assisted by the work of social scientists. Upto the present, neither at the Centre nor in the States, has the approach of effective devolution and transfer of responsibility been adequately worked out. An example of this is the current view that the Central Government should pass on funds directly to Gram Panchayats, bypassing State and district and block agencies.
A third area in which social scientists can make an effective contribution is the study of decision-making processes by which major policies and programmes are determined within the Government. Examples are abound in which far-reaching decisions are reached without full study of aspects which emerge before long as critical weaknesses greatly undermining gains expected from the decisions taken. Also, while in the past, the word of authority could pass muster, in the changing climate of public affairs, unless those affected are taken into genuine and transparent consultation before decisions are taken or announced, implementation is apt to
be thwarted. In particular, when radical changes in policy are in view, workers, supervisors and other staff need to be carried on board. Major policies demand a substantial measure of consensus in their support.
While Governments are now under compulsion to introduce greatly improved management and human resource development methods and practices and to profit from the innovations now taking place in large corporations both in India and the developed countries, their concerns are societal and their criteria will not be precisely those of private or public corporations. Social scientists from several fields - public administration, political science, economics, sociology, psychology, for instance-have a collective contribution to make to the strengthening and improvement of systems and methods of governance. Nearer the grassroots, there is need
also for much education and training of functionaries as well as at the community level. We have a whole set of
comparatively new problems and opportunities in relation to which social scientists have much to contribute.
10. The term grassroots implies to?
Options:
Option (a): between Centre-State level.
Option (b): Community level.
Option (c): the most basic level of an activity or organization.
Option (d): International level.
Option (c): the most basic level of an activity or organization.
Directions for Questions 11 to 14: From the choices given below, Choose the best option to fill in the blanks.
11. The jury's views _________ with those of the lawyer on the issues of crime and punishment.
Options:
Option (a): Coincided
Option (b): Ally
Option (c): Approve
Option (d): Apprise
Option (a): Coincided
Directions for Questions 11 to 14: From the choices given below, Choose the best option to fill in the blanks.
12. The cabinet has _________ a proposal to change the way private educational institutions are funded and managed.
Options:
Option (a): Acceded
Option (b): Actualize
Option (c): Endorsed
Option (d): Approved
Option (c): Endorsed
Directions for Questions 11 to 14: From the choices given below, Choose the best option to fill in the blanks.
13. The President has _______ to the demands to release secret documents related to the Army.
Options:
Option (a): Acceded
Option (b): Refused
Option (c): Endorsed
Option (d): Vetoed
Option (a): Acceded
Directions for Questions 11 to 14: From the choices given below, Choose the best option to fill in the blanks.
14. Jess caused her parents a lot of __________ when she was a teenager.
Option (a): Problem
Option (b): Yearning
Option (c): Anxiety
Option (d): Vex
Option (c): Anxiety
Directions for Questions 15 and 16:
15. For the following questions, mark as your answer the option that represents a relationship with the pair that is opposite to first pair of words.
PHILISTINE : UNCULTURED :: .
Options:
Option (a): PRECOCIOUS : BRIGHT
Option (b): PRECOCIOUS : MATURE
Option (c): PRECOCIOUS : STUPID
Option (d): PRECOCIOUS : INTELLIGENT
Option (c): PRECOCIOUS : STUPID
Directions for Questions 15 and 16:
16. For the following questions, mark as your answer the option that represents a relationship with the pair that is opposite to first pair of words.
LUGUBRIOUS : LACHRYMOSE :: .
Options:
Option (a): SALUTARY : BENEFICIAL
Option (b): SALUTARY : FAVORABLE
Option (c): SALUTARY : HELPFUL
Option (d): SALUTARY : DELETERIOUS
Option (d): SALUTARY : DELETERIOUS
Directions for Questions 17 and 18: In each of the questions, a word has been used in sentences in four different ways. Choose the option corresponding to the sentences in which the usage of the words is
INCORRECT or INAPPROPRIATE.
17. Buckle.
Options:
Option (a): After the long hike our knees were beginning to buckle.
Option (b): The horse suddenly broke into a buckle.
Option (c): Sometimes, an earthquake can make a bridge buckle.
Option (d): People should learn to buckle up as soon as they get into a car.
Option (b): The horse suddenly broke into a buckle.
Directions for Questions 17 and 18: In each of the questions, a word has been used in sentences in four different ways. Choose the option corresponding to the sentences in which the usage of the words is INCORRECT or INAPPROPRIATE.
18. Jack.
Options:
Option (a): Don't listen to him - he always jacks people in.
Option (b): We jacked the car up and changed the tyre.
Option (c): I jacked my job in because my boss refused to give me a raise.
Option (d): Once the tourists arrive, the restaurants jack up their prices.
Option (a): Don't listen to him - he always jacks people in.
Directions for Questions 19 and 21:
The first [A] of each of questions are fixed. Arrange the other four lines in a logical sequence.
A. Meditation provides us an opportunity to withdraw for a time being from the outer world and be with our inner source of values, the highest and the finest part of our own self.
B. Thus the effort to apply right thought for right actions in the organization can only slowly go to improve our administration.
C. Such an effort then goes to have a multiplier effect.
D. It also gives us a chance to introspect our own acts and deeds and rectify them by changing our thought process, withdrawing our mind from the vicious thinking and applying it in accordance with this higher source of values.
E. This leads to purification of mind.
Options:
Option (a): EDCB
Option (b): DBEC
Option (c): ECBD
Option (d): DCEB
Option (b): DBEC
Directions for Questions 19 and 21:
The first [A] of each of questions are fixed. Arrange the other four lines in a logical sequence.
A. The British had superimposed their own administrative patterns in tribal areas and deprived the tribals of their traditional methods of interacting with people.
B. Every abled bodied person is ready to lay down his life in defence of his village in the event of a crisis.
C. The tribals have no written laws but the sanctions of the community has a force which none dares to violate.
D. The isolation helped the tribes to retain the shape and strength of their social institutions and social structure.
E. A tribal village has always been an autonomous unit.
Options:
Option (a): BDEC
Option (b): EDBC
Option (c): BCED
Option (d): DCEB
Option (c): BCED
Directions for Questions 19 and 21:
The first [A] of each of questions are fixed. Arrange the other four lines in a logical sequence.
A. However, following the collection of evidence and material used by the attackers, and their subsequent verification by the forensic laboratories, the charge sheet puts down, officially and conclusively, what has been reported in the media and stated by officials in the past three months.
B. In doing so, 1t debunks conspiracy theories such as the one that Anti-Terrorism, Squad chief Hemant Karkare was killed by some \"other\" groups because of his investigations into the September 29, 2008, Malegaon blast case.
C. Investigating officials said they put together the charge sheet on the basis of the evidence collected from the boat, that the terrorists hijacked the five targeted sites and approximately 150 eyewitness accounts.
D. For instance, it categorically states that the men came from Pakistan, and that it was the LeT that planned and executed the attack.
E. It details the sequence of events and the entire operation in each location.
Options:
Option (a): DEBC
Option (b): EDCB
Option (c): ECBD
Option (d): DCEB
Option (a): DEBC
The first [A] and the last lines [F] of each of questions are fixed. Arrange the other four lines in a logical sequence.
A. The film will be released in India, both in bilingual version and ima version dubbed in in its original in Hindi, in January.
B. Slum life is depicted with integrity and dignity, and with a joie de vivre that transcends its setting.
C. There is even a scene involving human excrement that is both revolting and hilarious. But this is not, despite all of that, an exercise in the pornography of poverty.
D. It was filmed in large part with small hand-held digital cameras on location in Dharavi and in the Juhu, slums, and the mounds of garbage, the cesspits, the overflowing drains are all very. present.
E. One fair warning to Indian viewers: its depiction of Indian poverty and slum life is searingly
F. It is easy, to see, why, this movie would appeal international cinegoers in a way, that a bleaker like City of Joy could not.
Options:
Option (a): DEBC
Option (b): EDCB
Option (c): ECBD
Option (d): DCEB
Option (b): EDCB
Directions for Questions 22 to 26: Each question has a set of four sequentially ordered statements. Each statement can be classified as one of the following:
- Facts, which deal with pieces of information that one has heard, seen or read, and which are open to discovery or verification (the answer option indicates such a statement with an 'F').
- Inferences, which are conclusions drawn about the unknown, on the basis of the known (the answer option indicates such a statement with an 'I').
- Judgements, which are opinions that imply or disapproval of persons, objects, situations and occurrences in the past, the present or the future (the answer option indicates such a statement with a 'J').
Choose the answer that best describes the set of four statements. Example: 'JIJF' for
Statement A: as Judgements,
Statement B: as Inferences,
Statement C: as Judgements and
Statement D: as Fact.
Statement A: The National Food Security Act (NFSA), 2013, through the Public Distribution System (PDS), provides a crucial safety net for roughly 800 million people. Even critics of the PDS appreciated its services during the COVID-19 lockdown.
Statement B: The humanitarian crisis resulting from the COVID19 lockdown, made it apparent that too
many were still excluded from the PDS.
Statement C: In response to the humanitarian crisis, the Government made one sensible policy decision
swiftly by doubling the entitlements of the 800 million who were already covered by the PDS
(from five kilograms per person per month, to 10kg).
Statement D: But that does nothing for those without ration cards.
FFFF
Directions for Questions 22 to 26: Each question has a set of four sequentially ordered statements. Each statement can be classified as one of the following:
- Facts, which deal with pieces of information that one has heard, seen or read, and which are open to discovery or verification (the answer option indicates such a statement with an 'F').
- Inferences, which are conclusions drawn about the unknown, on the basis of the known (the answer option indicates such a statement with an 'I').
- Judgements, which are opinions that imply or disapproval of persons, objects, situations and occurrences in the past, the present or the future (the answer option indicates such a statement with a 'J').
Choose the answer that best describes the set of four statements. Example: 'JIJF' for
Statement A: as Judgements,
Statement B: as Inferences,
Statement C: as Judgements and
Statement D: as Fact.
Statement A: A gradual transformation of the G20 from an economic body to a political body can be initiated
on the basis of the Bali Declaration, which constitutes the consensus in the group on the Russia-Ukraine war.
Statement B: If the G20 emerges as peacemaker in Europe, it will attain legitimacy as a group to promote international peace and security; it can gradually become an alternative to the UNSC.
Statement C: The most important difference will be that no one can prevent its meetings by use of the veto.
Statement D: Russia will have to reason out its behaviour rather than threaten the use of the veto to intimidate the international community.
JJFJ
Directions for Questions 22 to 26: Each question has a set of four sequentially ordered statements. Each statement can be classified as one of the following:
- Facts, which deal with pieces of information that one has heard, seen or read, and which are open to discovery or verification (the answer option indicates such a statement with an 'F').
- Inferences, which are conclusions drawn about the unknown, on the basis of the known (the answer option indicates such a statement with an 'I').
- Judgements, which are opinions that imply or disapproval of persons, objects, situations and occurrences in the past, the present or the future (the answer option indicates such a statement with a 'J').
Choose the answer that best describes the set of four statements. Example: 'JIJF' for
Statement A: as Judgements,
Statement B: as Inferences,
Statement C: as Judgements and
Statement D: as Fact.
Statement A: People, it seems, are rather more prejudiced than they think they are.
Statement B: All the polls predicted that Likud, Yisrael Beitenu, and four small rightist-religious parties would together muster 65 or more seats, whereas Kadima, Labour and their leftist allies would have 55 or fewer.
Statement C: Whether these small differences in what are essentially artificial tasks really reflect day-to-day actions and choices was, until recently, untested.
Statement D: But for lending to continue, the government may need to inject fresh capital into the banks.
JIFJ
Directions for Questions 22 to 26: Each question has a set of four sequentially ordered statements. Each statement can be classified as one of the following:
- Facts, which deal with pieces of information that one has heard, seen or read, and which are open to discovery or verification (the answer option indicates such a statement with an 'F').
- Inferences, which are conclusions drawn about the unknown, on the basis of the known (the answer option indicates such a statement with an 'I').
- Judgements, which are opinions that imply or disapproval of persons, objects, situations and occurrences in the past, the present or the future (the answer option indicates such a statement with a 'J').
Choose the answer that best describes the set of four statements. Example: 'JIJF' for
Statement A: as Judgements,
Statement B: as Inferences,
Statement C: as Judgements and
Statement D: as Fact.
Statement A: Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi born on 2 October 1869 was an Indian lawyer, anti-colonial nationalist and political ethicist who employed nonviolent resistance to lead the successful campaign for India's independence from British rule.
Statement B: Mahatma Gandhi was both an enigmatic and disturbing figure with an openminded soft reader of concepts and categories.
Statement C: His notion of a just and truthful politics was that in such an environment, the weakest should have the same opportunities as the strongest.
Statement D: He was a chief doubter of oppressive systems and a rebel against all forms of hidden and open authority.
FIII
Page updated in: December 2022
Made with
HTML Code Creator